According to the prediction of well-known optical communication market research institutions, the global 400g optical module market will reach US $56 million, US $280 million and US $720 million respectively from 2018 to 2020. With the explosive growth of network traffic, 400g will undoubtedly be the dominant rate of the market in the future. In the current 400g optical module, the optical port side mainly uses 8-channel 53gbps pam4 (400g-sr8, fr8, LR8) and 4-channel 106gbps pam4 (400g-dr4, FR4, LR4) to realize 400g signal transmission; 8-way 53gbps pam4 electrical signals are used at the electrical port side.

The package types of 400g optical modules are OSFP and qsfp-dd respectively. Among them, qsfp-dd package size is smaller and more suitable for data center applications; The size of OSFP package is slightly larger. It is more suitable for telecom applications because it can provide more power consumption. The following is a brief introduction to the packaging type of 400g optical module.

1. The full name of OSFP is octal small formfactor pluggable. This standard is a new interface standard, which is incompatible with the existing photoelectric interface.

2. The full name of qsfp-dd is Quad small form factor pluggable double density. The solution is to expand the qsfp interface, adding one line from the original 4-channel interface to 8-Channel, that is, the so-called dual density.

3. Cfp8 is an extension of cfp4. The number of channels is increased to 8. The cost of this solution is high and 16 25g lasers are required.

4. Cwdm8 is an extension of cwdm4 standard. The rate of each wavelength is 50g, which can also reach 400g. Four new central wavelengths are added, namely 1351 / 1371 / 1391 / 1411nm.

5. The full name of Cobo is Consortium for on board optics, which means that all optical elements are placed on the PCB. The main advantages of this solution are good heat dissipation and small size.

The 400g product system is becoming more and more perfect and standardized. 400g Ethernet (IEEE 802.3bs) was officially approved as early as December 2017. In this standard, new technologies such as forward error correction (FEC) are standardized to improve bit error performance and increase the reliability of data communication. At present, some suppliers in the industry have developed 400g switches and put them into the market according to relevant standards, such as Cisco 400g nexus, arista 400g 7060x4 series, mellanox spectrum-2, etc. The 400g connection scheme is also booming, such as 400g DAC and 400g optical module (including 400g qsfp-dd optical module, 400g OSFP optical module, 400g cfp8 optical module, etc.), in which qsfp-dd is expected to become the most popular 400g package with the advantages of self height density and low power consumption. With the standardization, commercialization and large-scale development of 400g Ethernet, the 400g product system will be gradually improved in the near future, and more 400g products will appear on the market.

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